{"id":14010,"date":"2019-12-22T18:05:33","date_gmt":"2019-12-22T17:05:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.challenge-agriculture.fr\/tensiometry\/good-practices-2\/"},"modified":"2021-04-23T20:56:00","modified_gmt":"2021-04-23T18:56:00","slug":"good-practices","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dev.challenge-agriculture.fr\/en\/tensiometry\/good-practices\/","title":{"rendered":"Good practices"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Good field practices will avoid disturbing the soil to be observed<\/h2>

Our instructions<\/strong> describe suitable techniques for instrumentation, installation and removal of sensors, adapted frequency of measure, etc…<\/p>

4 technical levels<\/strong> can be achieved :\u00a0<\/p>

– simple observation<\/p>

– decision help<\/p>

– irrigation management<\/p>

– smart irrigation<\/p>

Performance is obtained with respect of soil<\/strong>, equipement<\/strong> and tensiometry<\/strong>.<\/p>

Things stay clear as long as there is no confusion beetween technical levels. For example, not possible to pretend monitor irrigation<\/strong> out of a casual observation, without repetitions (see below).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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A minimum of 3 repetitions <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Having a minimum of 3 repetitions is the only possible answer to the heterogeneity of water in cultivated irrigated soils<\/strong>. The rule of taking the median of\u00a0 3 values for each depth has been documented for over 30 years. The heterogeneity of soil humidity increases on dessication phase, means when the irrigation decision<\/strong> need to be taken. Distribution of irrigation water<\/strong> further increases the heterogeneity.<\/p>

Technical levels of “help decision” and “monitor irrigation” need consistant decisions, respecting those rules.<\/p>

The investment is roughly\u00a0 around 500 \u20ac per\u00a0 field for manual readings, 800 \u20ac for registering, around 1200 \u20ac for transmission. Those costs are very reasonable, compared with economical challenges.<\/p>

Decision making measures<\/strong> need good strategy, good pratices with correct equipment, rather than improvisation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Fr\u00e9quence des mesures tensiom\u00e9triques<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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La tension de l’eau<\/strong> dans le sol \u00e9volue classiquement de quelques cb \/ jour.<\/p>

Une fois l’outil d’aide \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision<\/strong> mis en main, la visualisation, le conseil et la d\u00e9cision se font sur une fr\u00e9quence hebdomadaire, parfois bi-hebdomadaire. Ceci permet une bonne ma\u00eetrise, sans devenir fastidieux.<\/p>

L’intervalle ad\u00e9quat entre 2 mesures est de 4 \u00e0 6 h, sauf cas tr\u00e8s particulier.<\/p>

La fr\u00e9quence d’envoi n\u00e9cessaire des 4 \u00e0 6 lignes de donn\u00e9es peut \u00eatre journali\u00e8re, voire bi-journali\u00e8re en sol l\u00e9ger.<\/p>

Ces intervalles sont adapt\u00e9s \u00e0 la tensiom\u00e9trie<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Fr\u00e9quences anormales <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Certaines centrales multi-capteurs n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 adapt\u00e9es aux mesures dans le sol. Par exemple, une mesure toutes les 15 minutes g\u00e9n\u00e8re 8640 mesures sur 3 mois, l\u2019\u00e9quivalent de plus de 5 ans de mesures. On fatigue inutilement les capteurs<\/strong> en seulement 1 an d’utilisation.<\/p>

Le calage de certaines solutions, sur une fr\u00e9quence de mesure inutilement \u00e9lev\u00e9e, n’est pas une bonne id\u00e9e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Test des sondes<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Le fonctionnement et la dur\u00e9e de vie des sondes est document\u00e9e : sondes WATERMARK<\/a><\/p>

Certaines m\u00e9thodes pr\u00e9conisent un test chaque saison. Pourquoi pas, mais \u00e0 condition de respecter la proc\u00e9dure de test.<\/p>

Notamment tremper les sondes pendant 2 minutes dans seulement 6 cm d’eau.\u00a0Ne pas les submerger, ne pas laisser entrer de l’eau par le trou en bas de tube. Sous peine de faire entrer de l’eau par la mise \u00e0 l’air de la sonde, ce qui peut fausser le test en question.<\/p>

Le contact sol \/ sonde est essentiel<\/strong>
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Le tubage de sondes<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Le tubage PVC<\/strong> \u00e0 deux diam\u00e8tres 25\/22 mm correspond \u00e0 la tari\u00e8re spirale<\/strong><\/a> 25\/22 mm.<\/p>

Ceci permet de descendre les sondes dans le sol sans ab\u00eemer leur “peau”.<\/p>

Tout en assurant un contact parfait avec le sol non perturb\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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L'installation<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Le pr\u00e9-trou doit \u00eatre fait avec la tari\u00e8re spirale<\/strong>, par des\u00a0 aller-retours successifs de 15 cm maximum, afin de ne pas comprimer le sol.<\/p>

\u00c0 proscrire :<\/strong> des outils hors c\u00f4te, des pr\u00e9-trous plus gros, de la boue cr\u00e9ant une “poterie” autour de la sonde, qui ralentit les \u00e9changes avec le sol r\u00e9el. On voit cette mauvaise id\u00e9e sur certaines vid\u00e9os. Perturber ou modifier le sol qu’on veut observer, est totalement \u00e0 proscrire.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Peut-on se passer de c\u00e2ble sur les sondes WATERMARK ?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Avec le recul sur l\u2019usage des Monitor R2-DX<\/strong> (c\u00e2bl\u00e9s) et R2-XD<\/strong> (non c\u00e2bl\u00e9s) il ressort\u00a0:<\/p>

  1. En culture annuelle<\/strong> sous aspersion ou goutte-\u00e0-goutte \u00e0 faible \u00e9cartement, les 2 solutions peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9quivalentes, \u00e0 conditions de pouvoir ajuster la hauteur au dessus du sol et respecter le nombre minimum des 3 r\u00e9p\u00e9titions x 2 positions, au moins…<\/li>
  2. En irrigatio<\/strong>n \u00e0 la raie, idem. La garde au sol est essentielle.<\/li>
  3. En culture p\u00e9renne<\/strong> sous goutte-\u00e0-goutte, la solution c\u00e2bl\u00e9e est sup\u00e9rieure pour ajuster le bon positionnement des sondes autour du bulbe<\/strong>. \u00c9galement pour mettre l’\u00e9lectronique \u00e0 l’abri du d\u00e9sherbage m\u00e9canique, de plus en plus utilis\u00e9.<\/li>
  4. C\u00e2blage indispensable \u00e9galement en \u00e9chographie du bulbe<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Good field practices will avoid disturbing the soil to be observed Our instructions describe suitable techniques for instrumentation, installation and removal of sensors, adapted frequency of measure, etc… 4 technical levels can be achieved :\u00a0 – simple observation – decision help – irrigation management – smart irrigation Performance is obtained with respect of soil, equipement […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24155,"featured_media":0,"parent":80,"menu_order":11,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTensiometry : good pratices - Challenge agriculture<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tensiometry : good pratices. 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