{"id":1686,"date":"2017-11-08T14:43:25","date_gmt":"2017-11-08T13:43:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.challenge-agriculture.fr\/?page_id=1686"},"modified":"2021-04-24T07:26:08","modified_gmt":"2021-04-24T05:26:08","slug":"what-is-tensiometry","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dev.challenge-agriculture.fr\/en\/tensiometry\/what-is-tensiometry\/","title":{"rendered":"What is tensiometry ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1686\" class=\"elementor elementor-1686 elementor-119\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-65a74e5 texte_resume elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"65a74e5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b7446b9\" data-id=\"b7446b9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1460ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a1460ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Tensiometry is a structured and documented technique, based on measuring water tension in the soil<\/h2><p>In other words, the <strong>succion<\/strong> that roots need to apply to extract water from the soil. The drier the soil, the higher its tension.<br \/>The <strong>soil<\/strong> is a complex matrix, behaving like a wick or a pump, moving water, as long as the pump is primed. <strong>Tensiometric sensors<\/strong> are vaccuum guages, plugged on this natural pump, observing it, according to a precise instrumentation protocole.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-54812b1f texte_complet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"54812b1f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-596fa18\" data-id=\"596fa18\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea3e173 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea3e173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The avantages of Tensiometry<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33f3f0c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33f3f0c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u2022 The <strong>unit i<\/strong>s known : cbar or kPA.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u2022 Universal measure of <strong>tension<\/strong>, or matrix potential or difficulty to extract water, or water availability.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u2022 Operationnal in almost all situations of soil, crop,<strong> irrigation mode<\/strong>, without necessity to calibrate the soil.<\/span><\/p><p>\u2022 Tension on a range 0-239 cb, appropriate indicator in irrigated soils.<\/p><p>The <strong>tensiometric sensors<\/strong> are easy to install to get a good contact soil \/ sensor, allowing tension to equilibrate naturally beetween soil and sensor. <strong>Sensors<\/strong> are installed at 2 to 4 dephts, times 3 to 4 repetitions. As a minimum to adress the heterogeneity of humidity in cultivated soils under <strong>irrigation<\/strong>.<\/p><p><strong>Monitor<\/strong>, connected to 1 or 2 packs of 8 <strong>sensors<\/strong> is automatically registering \/ transmitting the measured soil tensions.<\/p><p>A basic pack is classically composed of 1 soil temp sensor + 6 <strong>Watermark sensors<\/strong> + 1 air temp. 16 different preentations are proposed. Add-on devices (explicative, not deciding) : 1 rain guage and\/or watermeter.<\/p><p><strong>Tensiometry<\/strong> is pertinent, rustical, reliable, accurate, affordable, cost effective.<\/p><p><strong>Tensiometry<\/strong> has progressed more with the Monitor since 2004, than during the previous decades.<\/p><p>For 2 reasons :<br \/>1) continuous readings, instead of maunal discontinuous readings.<br \/>2) minimum of 3 repetitions to give statistical strengh to decisions.<\/p><p>An interesting progress has been brought by <strong>telemetry<\/strong> (transmission of data) since 2007.<\/p><p><strong>On-line graphs<\/strong> show in real time how soils are behaving and allow decisions, several days in advance.<\/p><p>This allows adapt the <strong>irrigation planning<\/strong>, a week in advance, <strong>Monitoring<\/strong> with one step ahead the events, changes everything.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e3454a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e3454a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Measuring tension :<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed6379b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed6379b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>2 types of tools, measuring tension in the soil :<br \/><a href=\"\/tensiometrie\/informations-watermark\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/tube_watermark.png\" alt=\"Syst\u00e8mes et sondes Watermark\" align=\"right\" \/><\/a><\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.challenge-agriculture.fr\/en\/equipment\/watermark-sensors\/\">Watermark sensor<\/a><\/strong> measures on a range 0 &#8211; 239 cbars, no maintenance, frost resistant.<\/li><li>Tensiometer measures on a range 0 &#8211; 80 cbars. Needs maintenance if tension goes &gt; 70- 80 cb.<\/li><\/ul><p>The <strong>Watermark sensor<\/strong> is a rustical tool, accessible, that doesn&#8217;t need maintenance. <strong>Simple to use, accurate, pertinent.<\/strong> &#8220;Simple to use&#8221; does not mean that taking <strong>irrigation monitoring<\/strong> decisions can be done without a strong and square technique.<\/p><p><strong>Tensiometry<\/strong> has been used for more than 50 years, and the technique crossed a decisive stage since 2004, with automatic acquisition of measures and a minimum of 3 repetitions thanks to the Monitor (see\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.challenge-agriculture.fr\/en\/equipment\/monitor-r2-dx-watermark\/\">Data logger<\/a>\u00a0for more information).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e441df5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e441df5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Application domains :<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ab95a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ab95a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Agricultural irrigation<\/li><li>Transplanted trees<\/li><li>Portance and stability of soils<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6e454b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e6e454b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Agricultural irrigation :<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf3b40e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bf3b40e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tensiometry<\/strong> (or measuring the availability of water in the soil) is a universal technique that allows monitor all kind of <strong>irrigation systems<\/strong>, on all crops, in almost all kind of soils, under all kinds of climates.<\/p><p><strong>Tensiometry<\/strong> allows the <strong>irrigation manager<\/strong> to observe and handle his own <strong>irrigation season<\/strong> with classically 12 to 20 decisions, adapting to the context soil, crop, climate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2e5526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2e5526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Examples, testimonials, results:<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b94534 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b94534\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In fruit production, a professional management with <strong>Monitor<\/strong> costs 20 to 30 kg of fruits\/ha\/year with the hope of gaining a size is 2 to 5 T\/ha\/year and savings of 20 to 50% in drip, for example.<\/p><ul><li>On <strong>melon<\/strong> : gain in yield and water saving.<\/li><li>On <strong>vegetable seeds<\/strong> : better results and savings.<\/li><li>On <strong>cereals<\/strong> : the cost is 1 quintal \/ ha \/ year with a hope of double gain, with optimization of the m3 used.<\/li><li>On <strong>corn<\/strong>, the economy in non-limiting conditions, is 1.5 irrigation.<\/li><\/ul><p style=\"text-align: center;\">On a hundred different <strong>irrigated crops<\/strong>, which we and our customers follow, same kind of observation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e11c7ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e11c7ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Resumption of transplanted trees &amp; irrigation management<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-492f09b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"492f09b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Monitor Watermark<\/strong> (in underground version) make it possible to follow the exit of the roots of the <strong>transplanted mound<\/strong> and to control the <strong>urban watering.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f350533 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f350533\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Geotech<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfe22e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dfe22e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Comfort of buildings subjected to swelling-shrinkage constraints of clays, powered by <strong>tension<\/strong>.<\/p><p><strong>Soil lift<\/strong> : the acceptable <strong>pressure<\/strong> on a soil, without irreversible deformation, is the counterpart of the depression (or tension) existing in this same soil.<\/p><p><strong>Stability of the slopes<\/strong> : the cohesion of the soil is generated by tension. Important consequence for the safety of the building sites.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8e135 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e8e135\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Book Extract :<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6763fef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6763fef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>&#8220;La tensiom\u00e9trie pour piloter les irrigations : une gestion raisonn\u00e9e de la ressource en eau.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>G\u00e9rard Tron<\/strong> (SCP), <strong>Carole Isb\u00e9rie<\/strong> (Cemagref),<strong> Pierre Chol<\/strong> (SCP)<\/p><p>Following numerous experimental campaigns, this book shows that the <strong>monitoring of the evolution of soil water tension<\/strong> offers a global and operational approach to the soil-plant-water system.<\/p><p>This information on the <strong>quality of irrigation<\/strong>, and improvements to be made to save water, avoiding excessive water intake, while often improving quantity and quality of production.<\/p><p>Extracts the <strong>availability of water in the soil<\/strong> (tension, suction, matrix potential), this observation allows, in real time and without much experience of the soil and\/or crop, to monitor the <strong>irrigation<\/strong> by :<\/p><ul><li>water always easily available for the crop<\/li><li>avoiding clogging<\/li><li>avoiding percolations<\/li><li>to benefit from capillary lifts<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40c64a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"40c64a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Publications & internet :<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-491a0b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"491a0b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>This website aims to initiate to tensiometry, select and give accurate information<\/h3><p><strong>32 years of experience<\/strong> allow us to estimate that 3 quarters of the information circulating on the Internet on this subject is has been or approximate, against 1 quarter to updated and of <strong>good quality<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tensiometry is a structured and documented technique, based on measuring water tension in the soil In other words, the succion that roots need to apply to extract water from the soil. The drier the soil, the higher its tension.The soil is a complex matrix, behaving like a wick or a pump, moving water, as long [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":80,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Why to use tensiometry &#x2d; Challenge agriculture<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Why to use tensiometry ? 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